Since 2013, Baidu has started the R&D in autonomous driving technology. In July 2017, Baidu announced the Apollo, launching an open, complete and safe open-source platform for autonomous driving. At the end of 2018, Apollo was officially open-sourced allowing autonomous driving to enter a new phase of collaboration between intelligent vehicles and smart roads.
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01
Prototype
—— "Xiaohong"
In 2013, Baidu launched an autonomous driving test programme. In order to verify the technical capabilities of chassis control, high-definition positioning, navigation and perception testing,
Institute of Deep Learning(IDL) collaborated with Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) and jointly developed an all-terrain off-road vehicle nicknamed "Xiaohong" as Baidu's product for technological validation.
02
First Generation:
BMW
In 2013, Baidu and BMW Deutschland collaborated to launch the first generation of self-driving models. This generation is the first model in China to be able to drive on the public road.
03
Second Generation:
Chery EQ & BYD & BAIC Group
The cooperation was initiated at the end of 2015, and road testing began in early 2016. In November 2016, Chery EQ, BYD EV300, and BAIC EU260 participated in the World Internet Conference in Wuzhen, where a fleet of 18 driverless vehicles hosted over 300 guests for test rides,
and this marked the moment when the earliest Baidu autonomous driving vehicles were unveiled to the public, and China's first autonomous driving fleet test operation succeeded.
04
Third Generation:
Lincoln MKZ
Lincoln MKZ replaced the previous Velodyne 64-E LiDAR with the Hesai LIDAR, which was a domestic LiDAR producer further reducing the overall cost and facilitating large-scale popularisation. The computing unit has been upgraded to self-developed hw3.0, with computing power of more than 100T.
In July 2019, Lincoln MKZ obtained the first batch of T4 autonomous driving test licences in China, and in the same year, it also obtained the first batch of autonomous driving test licences in Wuhan and Beijing.
05
Fourth generation:
Hong Qi EV
Jointly developed and customized by Baidu and FAW Group, it is the first domestic front-loading mass-production model for L4-level autonomous driving, which was officially released in Nov 2018 at Baidu World.
Starting from this generation, Baidu began to enter the front-loading and mass-production era of autonomous driving vehicles, aligning the production process with international standards such as ISO16949.
06
Fifth Generation:
Apollo Moon
The fifth generation is a shared driverless vehicle released in June 2021 by ARCFOX and Apollo.
Apollo Moon relies on Apollo's accumulation of leading autonomous driving technology worldwide and adopts the "ANP-Robotaxi" architecture, which not only makes the driverless vehicle kit lightweight, but also allows for symbiotic sharing of data with the intelligent vehicles, creating a super-powerful closed loop of data.
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